In fy09, will demonstrate process improvements for the fabrication of fullup upper and lower hull for select protective armor. Effects of hardness of steel on ceramic armour module against long. Ceramic plates are commonly used as inserts in soft ballistic vests. The ceramic armor as described in claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy has a density in the range of about 4. An impact resistant clad composite armor which includes a ceramic core, and a layer of bulk amorphous alloy surrounding the ceramic core and preferably bonded chemically to the ceramic core and a method of manufacturing such armor is provided. Pdf an overview of ceramic armor applications researchgate. View table of contents for advances in ceramic armor v. Level iv multi hit rifle ceramic body armor plates use a monolithic piece of ceramic that can produce small cracks throughout the body armor plate when hit. The performance of ceramic armor is heavily dependent on the con. High speed photography showed that the ceramic material shatters as the heat projectile penetrates, the highly energetic fragments destroying the geometry of the metal jet generated by the hollow shaped charge, greatly diminishing the penetration. Army is developing metal ceramic and metal ceramic composite hybrids for improved performance.
We offer rugged, multiplehit solutions which are among the lightest and. Ductile alloy encapsulated ceramic armor development january 1990 susan m. However, in composite systems such as ceramicpolymer composites ceramic has largely replaced the steels previously used for personnel and vehicle protection. Ceramic composite armor plates are placed in body armor plate carriers and worn to protect against bullets, projectiles, fragmentationshrapnel and stab threats. Most ceramiccomposite body armor plates cannot withstand multiple hits to the same area.
A variety of standard ceramic components such as cylinderspellets, hexagons and platestiles. Ceramic nano particles are expected not only to strengthen metal matrixes such as high strength steel, but also to disperse plastic deformation and prevent the formation of adiabatic shear bands. Ceramic materials for lightweight ceramic polymer armor systems. The hybrid cores include square metallic lattice with ceramic block insertions, and square metallic lattice with ceramic ball insertions and voidfilling epoxy resin. Ceramic offers significant advantages over metal armor plates in that they are far lighter,but do not sacrifice stopping power,durability or strength. Although the construction details of the chobham common armour remain a. The role of the ceramic is to erode and blunt the hard tip of the projectile, while the role of the backing material is to absorb the residual energy of the eroded. To provide designers with the ability to optimize both cellular topology and the location of encapsulated ceramicshard metals, the authors have developed an additive manufacturing am technique to produce metalceramic or hard metal composites. Ceramics provide projectile resistance through their high hardness and compressive strength and are often used in applications where weight is a limiting factor due to their lightweight nature relative to metals commonly used in armors. Nondestructive evaluation of as fabricated and damaged encapsulated ceramics pages. Even adding metal plates to a soft cloth bullet proof vest can create problems with additional weight. Chobham armour is the informal name of a composite armour developed in the 1960s at the british tank research centre on chobham common, surrey. Composite metal foam is a lowweight, highstrength porous material capable of absorbing great amounts of energy under loading.
The name has since become the common generic term for composite ceramic vehicle armour. A variety of standard ceramic components such as cylinderspellets, hexagons and platestiles, are used to build armor panels for vehicles. To examine some essential results using the wilkins model, a simulation of the 7. Steel is not stronger, it is much heavier, and wears out your plate carrier much faster.
Whether you find yourself on the front lines, are a gun enthusiast, or a law enforcement officer, we at spartan armor systems believe that safety is of the utmost importance. Three compositions 92, 96, and 99 wt% al 2 o 3 were tested for 10 mm thick plates processed in an industrial plant. The metal cladding also provides a means of attaching armor plates by welding, thus offering advantages in the repair and maintainability of armored vehicles. The two metal layers on either side of a tile are referred to as metal and cap, respectively, and the two internal interfaces.
The strongest one breaks the other and the weaker one breaks up into dozens of shards. Influence of prestress on ballistic performance of bilayer. Prestress of circular ceramic disc was exerted by a shrinkfit steel sleeve whose inner diameter was slightly smaller than that of the ceramic. Ceramic is brittle, which makes it sensitive to shock. Metalceramic composite lattice structures using 3d printed. Ultrafine grained and nanostructured metal alloys, that is, metal alloys which have crystalline grain sizes that.
Advances in ceramic armor v ceramic engineering and. Pdf ductile alloy encapsulated ceramic armor development. Ceramiccomposite armor plates are placed in body armor plate carriers and worn to protect against bullets, projectiles, fragmentationshrapnel and stab threats. Us20110220281a1 us12586,946 us58694609a us2011220281a1 us 20110220281 a1 us20110220281 a1 us 20110220281a1 us 58694609 a us58694609 a us 58694609a us 2011220281 a1 us2011220281 a1 us 2011220281a1 authority us united states prior art keywords sheet metal metal container ceramic tile ceramic method prior art date 20070620 legal status the legal status.
The aim of this work is to present results of mechanical characterization and ballistic test of aluminabased armor plates. Influence of geometry and hardness of the backing plate on. The first type is metalencapsulated ceramic armor that allows delay of ceramic failure for improved ballistic performance due to better metalceramic bonding. Eight a street otic burlington, ma 01803 electe stephen a. The encapsulated ceramic material is provided in the disruptive layer 12. As described in chapter 1, the path forward for development of protection materials must consider the armor systems that form the context in which those protection materials are used. A suit of body armor made with metal can hamper movement and flexibility significantly. Armor material research lightweight and high ballistic performance armors using multiple materials metal laminate metal combined with ceramic glass combined with plastic composite armor metal encapsulated ceramic metal matrix composite composite laminates 3d woven fiber material characterization for m. The name has since become the common generic term for ceramic vehicle armour. Composite armor consists of different materials such as metals, plastics, or ceramics that together provides an armor that is. Spartan armors level iv body armor plates are the strongest of their kind on the market, providing the highest rated threat level protection. In particular, encapsulated tiles of al2o3, sic, b4c, tib2, aln, and certain ceramic alloys and cermets were shown to be effective in defeating projectiles at areal densities significantly lower than their metallic counterparts. Further testing and development of simulation models for.
Ti metal matrix composite armor plates for combat vehicles. To provide designers with the ability to optimize both cellular topology and the location of encapsulated ceramicshard metals, the authors have developed an additive manufacturing am technique to produce metal ceramic or hard metal composites. Pdf the increasing capability of modern antiarmor threats and the need to field lower. Modern ceramic composites have largely replaced steel as the nonstructural armor in combat vehicles. Inspection of the metalceramic armor specimen figure 3 depicts the metalceramic armor specimen studied here and also introduces our nomenclature for identifying the armor layers and interfaces. Thankfully, there is an answer to the weight problem. The system contains ceramic tiles, such as alumina, sandwiched between unreinforced aluminum or aluminum metal matrix composite almmc, which has a better toughness compared to the ceramic tiles.
Ceramic bulletproof tiles for body armor ceramic has been used for centuries for its strength,elastic and durability. Ductile alloy encapsulated ceramic armor development. A new generation of metallic armors leads the way citeseerx. The impact responses and ballistic resistance of the metal encapsulating ceramic composite armors with same area density and two hybrid cores are investigated. Pdf development of a fabrication process for encapsulating or cladding ballistic resistant ceramic materials with ductile metal alloys is described find, read and cite all the research you. Ti metal matrix composite armor plates for combat vehicles lowcost ti armor for stryker ogpk shields lowcost ti extrusion billets for applique armor attachments laser engineered net shaping for repair of ti bearing housings development of lowcost powder and processing for nearnet shape weapons parts army mantech program. Encapsulated ceramic armor liquidmetal technologies. Insert plates may also be manufactured from steel or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene a ceramic plate is usually slipped into the outer. The effectiveness of the system was amply demonstrated. Titaniumceramic encapsulated armor recent examples of dod titanium mantech investment. Ceramic armor is armor used by armored vehicles and in personal armor for its attenuative properties. Army materials technology laboratory s7 b d materials producibility branch.
Chobham armour is the name informally given to a composite armour developed in the 1960s at the british tank research centre on chobham common, surrey, england. The wilkins ceramic model was implemented into an early version of cth 9lo. For metals, although the strength and toughness of aluminum allos, titanium alloy s, and y steels. Their antibullet properties are not good with efm of 5. So on its own it offers very little ballistic protection. Cladding is accomplished by powder metallurgy pm technology in which an envelope of elemental metal powders, blended with elemental metal powders, blended with elemental or master alloy powder additions, is cold isostatically pressed around the. Lee and yoo 2001 conducted an analysis of a ceramicmetal armor system, in which. Blast and penetration resistant materials february 2001 of other materials with armor plate to form the first laminate armors. The report describes the details of the optimized pm cladding process of ceramics with titanium and aluminum base materials. Most ceramic plates used in body armor provide national institute of justice type iii protection, allowing them to stop rifle bullets. The effect of thin membrane restraint on the ballistic. In addition, spall protection is applied on the front side of the ceramic glass fibre laminates are preferably used for this purpose.
Advances in ceramic armor v ceramic engineering and science. The armor ceramics symposium provides an annual forum for the presentation and discussion of unclassified information and ideas pertaining to the development and incorporation of ceramic materials for armor applications. The latter one can generate higher hydrostatic pressure between the bullet and ceramic during penetration process. Development of a fabrication process for encapsulating or cladding ballistic resistant ceramic materials with ductile metal alloys is described. Army is developing metalceramic and metalceramiccomposite hybrids for improved performance. Ceramic materials for lightweight ceramic polymer armor. Threedimensional 3d finite element fe simulations are carried. For this purpose, experimental and simulation work were conducted to study the influence of the hardness of cover and backing plates of a steelencapsulated sic. One main reason for this is its up to 50% weight advantage. Ceramic armor can be used to protect vehicles as well as individual personnel, and dates back to 1918. This chapter presents a brief overview of a few armor systems, including the threats to them and the designs for them, to give the reader enough information to.
Metalmonolithic ceramicmetal composite castings produced. Abkowitz, paul weihrauch, and stanley abkowitz dynamet technology, inc. Im an armor dealer, i sell armor to police, preppers, etc. Recent developments in metal matrix composite encapsulated ceramic armor show promise in lightweight armor technology. The purpose of using xct evaluation in this study was to better characterize and understand all of the detectable damage. Level iv spartan armor level iv body armor offers the highest level of protection available.
Chobhams precise mechanism for defeating heat projectiles was uncovered in the 1980s. A method for the manufacture of metallically encapsulated ceramic armor through the use of low pressure processing methods in autoclave furnaces or brazing furnaces. To ensure good assembly of the ceramic disc and the steel sleeve, a fine. A body armor composite material for flexibly conforming to and protecting a wearer from smallarms projectiles and shrapnel, said material comprising.
Mar 23, 2009 ballistic damage in an encapsulated ceramic armor panel with a metal backing has been scanned and extensively evaluated using xct 2. Body armor of ceramic ball embedded polymer united. Ceramic has been used for centuries for its strength, resilience and. Us8091204b2 method for producing metallically encapsulated. Development of a precipitationstrengthened matrix for non. Other names informally given to chobham armour include burlington and dorchester. A lightweight armor system providing blast protection and ballistic protection against small arms fire, suitable for use in helmets, personnel or vehicle protection, and other armor systems. With the ceramic materials leading the way in offering protection at the lowest areal densities, exceptional protection can be provided within the overall weight budget. Armor components disclosed herein provide the ability for ceramic tiles to be successfully encapsulated in metal via a casting process utilizing molten metal to form an armor member. Ceramics are known to be some of the of the hardest materials, and unlike materials such as kevlar which uses its fibers to catch the bullet, ceramics break the bullet. Current technology in penetration resistance employs many different types of materials.
Most ceramic composite body armor plates cannot withstand multiple hits to the same area. Ceramic armor for ballistic protection of personnel. If you ever tapped two boiled eggs together at easter to see which would break first, you already have your answer. Design, manufacture, and analysis of ceramiccomposite armor. Hotisostatic pressed metal encapsulated ceramic the latest efforts to generate increased efficiency in ceramic armors are to enhance both the erosion and dwell mechanisms of ceramic armor.
The first type is metal encapsulated ceramic armor that allows delay of ceramic failure for improved ballistic performance due to better metal ceramic bonding. Ballistic performance of a composite metal foamceramic. A hard substrate is coated on the front surface with a thin elastomeric polymer layer, in which hollow ceramic or metal spheres are encapsulated. Composite armor plates are lighter, thicker and more flexible than steel plates. Further testing and development of simulation models for ut. Apr 11, 2016 recent developments in metal matrix composite encapsulated ceramic armor show promise in lightweight armor technology. The first type is metalencapsulated ceramic armor that allows delay of ceramic. Combat systems fcs armor structure and hybrid mine floor. Numerical study on the antiballistic properties of metal. Ballistic performance of a composite metal foamceramic armor.
The johnsoncook and johnsonholmquist jh2 constitutive models are used for metal and ceramic materials, respectively. In this report, composite metal foam panels are manufactured using powder metallurgy technique and 2 mm steel hollow spheres in a steel matrix and used in conjunction with a ceramic plate to fabricate a new lightweight composite armor system. The fabrication process for prestressed ceramic metal composite armor consists of four steps, as shown in fig. Prior art keywords sheet metal metal container ceramic tile ceramic method prior art date 20070620 legal status the legal status is an assumption and. Recent developments in metal matrix compositeencapsulated ceramic armor show promise in lightweight armor technology. This chemical bond between ceramic and composite substrate andor between the individual polymer layers is of key significance for the performance of the entire system. Mar 09, 2014 ceramic plates give wearers the option of upgrading their protection level to stop ap armor piercing rounds that typically blow right through level iii plates. The effect of thin membrane restraint on the ballistic performance of armor grade ceramic tiles sai sarva, sia nematnasser, jeffrey mcgee, jon isaacs. Examples of materials for which this test may be appropriately employed are. The second type, found on the strykerinterim armored vehicle, uses a. Metalceramic composite lattice structures using 3d. After wwii, high performance ceramics found their way into penetration resistance applications.
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